A NEAR FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES IN THE UPPER CHAO PHRAYA RIVER BASIN IN THAILAND

Naphol YOOBANPOT , Weerayuth PRATOOMCHAI

DOI: 10.21163/GT_2022.172.16

ABSTRACT: This paper focused on regional climate change impacts on hydro-meteorological variables in the Upper Chao Phraya River basin located in northern Thailand. The five global climate models were used with a number of 15 experiments to assess near future water resources over the period 2026-2040. The impacts of climate change were quantified in percentages relative to a retrospective period (1986-2000). On average, the surface temperature tends to increase by 1.45, 1.48, and 1.80 °C under the lowest (RCP2.6), intermediate (RCP4.5), and highest (RCP8.5) CMIP5 greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. Mathematical model called H08 was used, the coupling of three modules did a very good job on mimicking river discharge with high Nash-Sutcliffe and Index of Agreement. The projections of rainfall and its response to surface runoff and groundwater recharge exhibit relatively uneven distributions. The upper basin tends to face extremely heavy rainfall and taking place of serious flood, while the lower areas are expected to cope with drought. Based upon ensemble averages over the entire area, relative changes of -1.7% (-6.4%), -0.1% (-5.2%), and -2.0% (-9.3%) in the mean annual rainfall (groundwater recharge) are shown under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. This study included a groundwater recharge assessment indicating potential available groundwater use, which is considered to be a key resource for climate change adaptation. Based on these findings, implementing such an artificial groundwater recharge system is needed in order to harvest surplus water and making for coping with water stress in the dry season.

Keywords: Climate change, Drought, Flooding, Groundwater recharge, Water resources management

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